Driving horizontal workings and tunnels

Driving horizontal workings and tunnels by N. M. Pokrovskii Download PDF EPUB FB2

It covers the entire history of tunnels and - by implication - large parts of mining through the ages, from the Palaeolithic and up. I am not sure, whether there has been any updating of the book since it first was published, so as to cover more recent endeavours such as the Chunnel, and the newest tunnelling machines, but that information most 5/5(1).

The development of tunnel driving techniques has been tremendous during the last few years. The drilling techniques have developed from pneumatic drilling machines to electro. Examples of the use the bentonite-cement grouting technology to drive horizontal and inclined workings during construction and operation of the mines, pits and tunnels presents below.

KIEVSKAYA COAL MINE, HAULAGE DRIFT NO At the Kievskaya Mine in Donbas coal basin in Ukraine during driving the haulage drift No 28 advanced horizontal. WRITTEN BY. Kenneth S. Lane.

Consulting engineer for dams and tunnels, and soils and rock engineering. Editor of Proceedings of the North American Rapid Excavating and Tunneling Conference, ; Proceedings of the ASCE See Article History.

Tunnels and underground excavations, horizontal underground passageway produced by excavation or occasionally by nature’s action in. Th e exploitation workings in caving methods are designed to collapse, with intentional caving of the ore and/or host rock.

The three major caving methods are: • Longwall mining • Sublevel caving • Block caving Longwall mining is used in horizontal, tabular deposits (mainly coal), while the othersFile Size: KB.

tunnel foundations, foundations for walls, and hydraulic structure foundations (pipe arches, box culverts, flexible culverts, etc.). Chapter 17 covers foundation design for lightly loaded structures, and Chapter 18 covers foundation design for marine structures.

Both shallow. Workings Intakes Returns Workings (a) (b) Figure Basic ventilation systems (a) U-tube and (b) through-flow (McPherson, ).

Actual layouts underground could be variations of any one system or a combination of the two arrangements. For Stratified Deposits. the contractor), computer printouts, and cross section notes, keep a field book to record alignment, references, control points, slope stake data, drainage computations, and other information.

A Surveyors Daily Report should be made denoting all work. The tunnel walls are brick lined for miles where the tunnel passes through shale and coal measures, but thereafter is in chert or limestone and is generally self-supporting. yards north-east of Herward Shaft, a branch tunnel known as the North Cross was driven north.

From swaying, unstable breezes to hurricane-force blasts, Mother Earth's wind is a notoriously fickle condition, and thus, pretty much worthless for aerodynamics testing. Wind tunnels, on the other hand, provide a controlled environment for this kind of testing.

Wind tunnels are simply hollow tubes; at one end, they have powerful fans that create a flow of air inside the tunnel. Dig a shaft. You must establish either a vertical shaft or a horizontal shaft into the side of a hill. Dig it so that you have approximately twice as much earth above the tunnel as the height of the tunnel itself.

Example: a 3-foot high tunnel will need 6 feet of earth above it. This will help avoid collapse. Load buckets full of soil. Planting the theodolite at the point B, the point T, below c, was determined ; then the horizontal angle between the direction of the gallery and that of the tunnel (° 6") was measured, and laid off in the workings.

Drift - A horizontal passage underground. A drift follows the vein, as distinguished from a crosscut that intersects it, or a level or gallery, which may do either. Crosscut - A passageway driven between the entry and its parallel air course or air courses for ventilation purposes.

Also, a tunnel driven from one seam to another through or. Chapters 7 and 9 of this book were first published in UFO Magazine, edited by Vicki Cooper. Readers are welcome to forward information to me concerning underground installations or tunnels of any sort. The more specific and detailed the information is, the better.

At the top is a Longitudinal Section "showing the workings and their relative depths." It is noted that by Aprilthey expected the "yield of bullion" to total $, Construction began on the tunnel in (three years after this map) with the main tunnel complete in tunnels are considered technological masterpieces and governments have honoured tunnel engineers as heroes.

Tunnel Basics A tunnel is a horizontal passageway located underground. While erosion and other forces of nature can form tunnels, in this module, we'll talk about man made tunnels, tunnels created by the process of excavation. KEY WORDS: Small,tunnel, blast performance, cut, strength rating, tunnel blasting index Introduction Drivages in Meta~I Mines H " orizontal or nearly horizontal tunnels, which may be called driwlges, are constructed in the host rock =of metal mines for the construction of haulage roads and cross-cuts to reach the ore body.

“Engaging the book vividly describes the harrowing conditions under which strong young men based in West Berlin dug the tunnels Mitchell’s interviews with the tunnelers, couriers and escapees put a human face on this dramatic experience These are heart-racing tales, and Mitchell — author of several books on U.S.

politics and history — narrates them with emotion and evocative detail. Drifts are horizontal workings that parallel the trend of the ore or mine workings. Tunnel is only used by persons unfamiliar with mine workings. Actual tunnels are rare in Bisbee mines.

Drifts and crosscuts are normally driven to explore for ore, the drainage of mine workings, ventilation, haulage and access.

These mine workings will vary in size. This small tunnel, the successful driving due entirely to Greathead’s skill, was the forerunner of the modern subaqueous tunnel.

In it, two of the three elements essential to such work thereafter were first applied: the one-piece movable shield of circular section, and the segmental cast-iron lining.

approximately horizontal and starts at the surface of the ground or at an excavation. Excavation associated with tunnelling includes vertical and inclined shafts providing access to tunnels, portals where tunnels emerge at the surface or at a shaft, underground chambers and caverns.These tunnels were to reach from the surface to central loading points underground located at a depth of and feet, respectively.

They were to be driven on a pitching gradient of 11 degrees to the horizontal, and they were to r each a length of 3, feet in the Sydney Mines area feet in the Glace Bay area. Surveys must be made to keep the slopes in alignment, both horizontal and vertical.

These slopes are actually rock tunnels. Survey points are often set both in the roof and in the walls of these tunnels.

If track is laid for rail haulage, points can sometimes be set in the railroad ties.